Content Comparison

Introduction

Rationales are part of the Strategic Response Model and articulate the reasoning behind strategic decisions made in response to triggers. See: Strategic Response Model

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Introduction

A Rationale provides the logical reasoning behind a strategic or operational response. It connects a specific condition (Trigger) to a reasoned explanation that guides actions across one or more business architecture domains. Rationales are formalized objects in the Strategic Response Model and are central to decision transparency and traceability.

Rationales help ensure that every action taken by the organisation organization is grounded in strategic intent and can be clearly explained through a documented reasoning process.

Every Rationale must reference the Trigger that prompted it. This is represented by linking to a triggerID. This linkage ensures traceability from external condition through to internal response.

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Rationales may arise from various considerations in response to triggers, including risk assessment, compliance requirements, strategic opportunities, or performance insights.

Usage in Business Architecture

In the Orthogramic Metamodel, rationales serve to:

• Justify Explain why an initiative, policy, or change exists.

• Link strategic drivers to responses in a structured way.

• Support transparency and traceability from high-level drivers to operational change.

• Bridge the gap between organizational triggers and strategic objectives

Rationales may be connected to multiple elements across the business architecture, including:

• Initiatives and Strategies that require justification.explanation

• Policies, Capabilities, and Value Streams being introduced or adjusted.

• Performance goals or KPIs in the Performance domain.

Relationship to strategic response model

Each rationale is categorised by a Driver Type, which is derived from the Strategic Response Model. This provides a consistent basis for understanding and classifying business responses across the organisation.

The Strategic Response Model defines the following categories of drivers:

Implementation guidance

• Classification: Each rationale must include a driver type. Multiple drivers may be selected if appropriate.

Rationale classification framework

Rationales in the Orthogramic Metamodel follow a structured classification system that supports analytics, reuse, and auditability. Each rationale is categorized according to:

1. Rationale Orientation: Whether the rationale is reactive to existing conditions or proactive to anticipated conditions

2. Rationale Type: The response category (Preventative, Remedial, Opportunistic, etc.)

3. Reasoning Pattern: The logical structure of the rationale (Causal, Comparative, Normative, etc.)

4. Evidence Base: The foundation for the rationale (Data-driven, Expert judgment, Industry best practice, etc.)

5. Strategic Objective Reference: Direct link to the strategic objective this rationale supports

6. Business Value Type: The nature of value creation or preservation (Cost reduction, Revenue growth, Market creation, etc.)

This classification framework enables organizations to:

• Trace patterns in decision-making across similar situations

• Evaluate the distribution of rationales by type, evidence base, and strategic alignment

• Establish a rationale library that can be referenced for similar future decisions

• Support knowledge management and organizational learning

Distinguishing reactive and proactive rationales

The Orthogramic Metamodel explicitly distinguishes between reactive and proactive rationales:

• Reactive Rationales: Respond to existing conditions, events, or triggers that have already occurred

• Proactive Rationales: Anticipate future conditions or opportunities that have not yet materialized

Proactive rationales should document:

• Anticipated outcomes that justify the proactive approach

• Alternatives that were considered but not selected

• Competitive positioning benefits expected

Relationship with Other aspects of the Metamodel

The Rationale schema has relationships with multiple domains in the Orthogramic Metamodel:

1. Strategic Response Model: Rationales provide the reasoning component that connects triggers to responses.

2. Triggers: Each rationale must reference at least one trigger that prompted it.

3. Domain-Specific Elements: Rationales can reference elements from all domains including Customer, Market, Finance, Risk, Supply Chain, Innovation, Sustainability, People, Technology, and Channel domains.

4. Performance Indicators: Rationales may link to performance indicators that measure their effectiveness.

This consolidated schema supports structured reasoning and traceability across strategy, policy, and initiative development, ensuring that every response is grounded in a documented rationale that bridges from trigger events to strategic objectives.

Relationship with domains

Rationales bridge between Triggers and organizational responses across multiple domains:

• Strategy: Rationales explain strategic adjustments based on triggers

• Capabilities: Rationales describe why capabilities need to be developed or modified

• Initiatives: Rationales provide the foundation for launching initiatives

• Policy: Rationales explain policy changes in response to triggers

• Performance: Rationales describe modifications to performance metrics

• Customer: Rationales justify changes to customer approaches and experiences

• Market: Rationales explain market-related decisions and competitive responses

• Finance: Rationales support financial resource allocation decisions

• Risk Management: Rationales document risk-based decision processes

• Supply Chain: Rationales justify supply chain configuration choices

• Innovation: Rationales explain innovation investments and experimental approaches

• Sustainability: Rationales articulate the basis for environmental and social initiatives

• People: Rationales document the reasoning behind workforce and cultural decisions

• Technology: Rationales explain technology selection and architecture choices

• Channel: Rationales justify distribution channel strategies and partnerships

Relationship to strategic response model

Each rationale bridges the gap between a trigger event and organizational action. While triggers explain what happened to prompt a response, rationales explain why we're responding in this specific way.

Key distinctions between triggers and rationales

It's important to understand the relationship between Triggers and Rationales:

• Triggers represent external or internal events/conditions that prompt a response (what happened)

• Rationales explain the reasoning behind a specific response to that trigger (why we're responding this way)

A single Trigger (e.g., "New Safety Regulation") might prompt multiple Rationales with different types:

• Preventative: "Implementing these changes will prevent future incidents"

• Compliance-focused: "We must implement to meet regulatory requirements"

• Opportunistic: "This gives us a competitive advantage in safety reputation"

Rationale and Trigger linkage examples

See: https://github.com/Orthogramic/Orthogramic_Metamodel/tree/main/examples

Implementation guidance

• Clarity: Each rationale should clearly articulate the reasoning that connects the trigger to the chosen response

• Traceability: Rationales should link to the relevant strategytrigger, initiative, or performance goal.

• Consistency: Use the Strategic Response Model trigger catalogue to guide classification.

Rationale JSON schema

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• strategic objective, and affected domains

• Consistency: Use the defined rationale types to ensure consistent classification

• Evidence: Document the evidence base that supports each rationale

• Strategic Alignment: Always connect rationales to strategic objectives to maintain alignment

• Alternatives: Document alternative approaches considered and reasons for their rejection

• Orientation: Clearly classify rationales as reactive or proactive

• Competitive Context: For market-facing rationales, document competitive positioning impact

Rationale Schema

Introduction

A Rationale provides the logical reasoning behind a strategic or operational response. It connects a specific condition (Trigger) to a reasoned explanation that guides actions across one or more business architecture domains. Rationales are formalized objects in the Strategic Response Model and are central to decision transparency and traceability.

See: GitHub - Orthogramic/Orthogramic_Metamodel

Core Schema Properties

The following core schema properties apply to all rationales, regardless of domain:

Example of alternativesConsidered

"alternativesConsidered": [
  {
    "alternativeID": "c1d2e3f4-a5b6-7890-cdef-123456789012",
    "alternativeDescription": "Third-party partnership with established analytics provider",
    "reasonForRejection": "Insufficient data sovereignty and competitive advantage dilution"
  },
  {
    "alternativeDescription": "Acquisition of AI analytics startup",
    "reasonForRejection": "Due diligence revealed technical debt and integration challenges"
  }
]

Example of competitivePositioning

"competitivePositioning": {
  "positioningType": "Differentiation",
  "positioningDescription": "Position our products as uniquely responsive to emerging customer needs through superior predictive analytics capabilities",
  "competitiveTarget": "Premium segment currently dominated by competitors relying on retrospective analytics"
}

Domain-Specific Schema Extensions

The rationale schema can be extended with domain-specific properties to capture context-specific reasoning. The following sections describe these domain-specific extensions.

Customer Domain Extensions

When a rationale relates to the Customer domain, the following additional properties can be specified:

Market Domain Extensions

When a rationale relates to the Market domain, the following additional properties can be specified:

Finance Domain Extensions

When a rationale relates to the Finance domain, the following additional properties can be specified:

Risk Management Domain Extensions

When a rationale relates to the Risk Management domain, the following additional properties can be specified:

Supply Chain Domain Extensions

When a rationale relates to the Supply Chain domain, the following additional properties can be specified:

Innovation Domain Extensions

When a rationale relates to the Innovation domain, the following additional properties can be specified:

Sustainability Domain Extensions

When a rationale relates to the Sustainability domain, the following additional properties can be specified:

People Domain Extensions

When a rationale relates to the People domain, the following additional properties can be specified:

Technology Domain Extensions

When a rationale relates to the Technology domain, the following additional properties can be specified:

Channel Domain Extensions

When a rationale relates to the Channel domain, the following additional properties can be specified:

Enumeration Values

Core Enumerations

rationaleOrientation

• Reactive - Responding to existing conditions or events that have already occurred

• Proactive - Anticipating future conditions or opportunities that have not yet materialized

rationaleType (Core)

• Preventative - Aims to prevent potential negative outcomes before they occur

• Remedial - Addresses existing problems or deficiencies that need correction

• Opportunistic - Leverages an emerging situation to create value or advantage

• Proactive - Initiates change in anticipation of future needs or conditions

• Reactive - Direct response to a specific trigger or event

• Compliance_Fulfillment - Ensures adherence to legal, regulatory, or policy requirements

• Strategic_Advancement - Supports forward movement on strategic objectives or positioning

reasoningPattern (Core)

• Causal - Based on cause-and-effect relationships between events or conditions

• Comparative - Based on similarities or differences with other situations or organizations

• Normative - Based on standards, best practices, or what should ideally be done

• Predictive - Based on forecasts or projections of future conditions

• Analogical - Based on parallels with similar situations encountered previously

• Deductive - Based on applying general principles to specific situations

• Inductive - Based on recognizing patterns from specific observations

evidenceBase (Core)

• Data_Driven - Primarily supported by quantitative metrics or analysis

• Expert_Judgment - Based on specialized knowledge or experience of subject matter experts

• Industry_Best_Practice - Informed by recognized standards or approaches in the industry

• Customer_Feedback - Derived from direct customer or user input

• Internal_Analysis - Based on internal studies, assessments, or evaluations

• External_Research - Supported by third-party research or market analysis

• Competitive_Analysis - Informed by assessment of competitor strategies or positions

• Sustainability_Insight - Based on environmental or social impact analysis

• People_Insight - Derived from workforce or cultural assessments

• Experiment_Results - Based on innovation testing outcomes

• Prototype_Feedback - Derived from prototype evaluation

businessValueType (Core)

• Cost_Reduction - Decreasing operational or production expenses

• Revenue_Growth - Increasing income or sales volume

• Risk_Reduction - Mitigating potential threats or vulnerabilities

• Customer_Experience - Enhancing interactions and satisfaction for customers

• Operational_Efficiency - Improving internal processes or productivity

• Competitive_Advantage - Strengthening position relative to competitors

• Brand_Perception - Enhancing how the organization is viewed in the market

• Stakeholder_Trust - Building confidence among investors, partners, or regulators

• Market_Creation - Developing entirely new markets or customer segments

• First_Mover_Advantage - Gaining benefits from being first to market with an offering

• Market_Disruption - Changing existing market structures or business models

• Innovation_Leadership - Establishing recognized leadership in innovative practices

• Ecosystem_Development - Building or expanding a network of partners or complementary offerings

• Strategic_Positioning - Improving long-term strategic position or capabilities

• Environmental_Value - Creating positive environmental impacts or reducing negative ones

• Social_Value - Generating positive social outcomes or addressing social issues

• Governance_Value - Improving organizational governance structures or processes

• Talent_Value - Enhancing workforce capabilities or engagement

• Culture_Value - Strengthening organizational culture

• Knowledge_Value - Preserving or enhancing organizational knowledge

• Channel_Reach_Value - Expanding access to customers through distribution channels

• Distribution_Efficiency_Value - Optimizing channel operations and costs

• Partner_Network_Value - Strengthening relationships with distribution partners

competitivePositioning.positioningType

• Differentiation - Setting the organization apart based on unique attributes or capabilities

• Cost_Leadership - Competing primarily on price or value through operational efficiency

• Focus_Strategy - Targeting specific market segments with tailored offerings

• Blue_Ocean - Creating uncontested market space rather than competing in existing markets

• Industry_Leadership - Establishing the organization as a dominant force in the industry

• Fast_Follower - Quickly adopting innovations after market validation by others

• Niche_Dominance - Commanding a specialized market segment or application area

• Strategic_Alliance - Leveraging partnerships or collaborations for competitive advantage

relationshipTypes

• supports - This rationale reinforces or enhances another rationale

• contradicts - This rationale conflicts with or opposes another rationale

• expands - This rationale builds upon or extends the scope of another rationale

• duplicates - This rationale substantially overlaps with another rationale

• supersedes - This rationale replaces or makes obsolete another rationale

Domain-Specific Enumerations

Customer Domain

customerInsightSource

• Voice_of_Customer - Direct feedback from customers

• Customer_Behavior_Analysis - Analysis of customer actions and patterns

• Market_Research - Structured research on customer segments and needs

• Customer_Service_Data - Information from customer service interactions

• Social_Media_Analysis - Insights from social media conversations

• Customer_Journey_Mapping - Analysis of customer experience touchpoints

• Customer_Feedback - Formalized feedback mechanisms

• Competitive_Analysis - Understanding customer choices vs. competitors

Customer-specific reasoningPattern

• Customer_Needs_Based - Focused on addressing explicit customer requirements

• Market_Trends_Based - Responding to changing customer behaviors

• Journey_Friction_Based - Addressing pain points in customer experience

• Segment_Value_Based - Prioritizing high-value customer segments

• Experience_Gap_Based - Closing gaps in customer experience

Customer-specific businessValueType

• Customer_Retention_Value - Keeping existing customers

• Customer_Acquisition_Value - Gaining new customers

• Customer_Growth_Value - Expanding revenue from existing customers

• Brand_Loyalty_Value - Strengthening customer commitment

• Customer_Experience_Value - Enhancing interactions

• Market_Share_Value - Increasing proportion of customer base

Market Domain

marketInsightSource

• Market_Research - Formal market studies and analysis

• Competitive_Intelligence - Information about competitor moves

• Industry_Analysis - Broader sector trends and patterns

• Customer_Feedback - Customer input about market needs

• Sales_Data - Patterns in market purchases

• Partner_Network - Insights from business partners

• External_Consultant - Third-party market expertise

• Strategic_Planning - Internal market projections

Market-specific rationaleType

• Competitive_Response - Reacting to competitor actions

• Market_Opportunity - Pursuing new market openings

• Defensive_Position - Protecting market share

• Industry_Adaptation - Adjusting to industry changes

• Growth_Initiative - Expanding market presence

• Market_Entry - Moving into new markets

• Market_Exit - Leaving unprofitable markets

• Innovation_Imperative - Responding to market innovation needs

• Consolidation_Strategy - Optimizing market positions

Finance Domain

financialInsightSource

• Financial_Analysis - Analysis of financial metrics

• Performance_Metrics - Operational performance indicators

• Investment_Review - Analysis of investment opportunities

• Budget_Analysis - Review of budget allocations

• Cost_Structure_Assessment - Analysis of cost components

• Revenue_Analysis - Review of revenue streams

• Risk_Assessment - Financial risk evaluations

• Capital_Planning - Long-term capital allocation planning

Finance-specific rationaleType

• Financial_Performance_Improvement - Enhancing financial metrics

• Cost_Optimization - Reducing or reallocating costs

• Investment_Justification - Supporting investment decisions

• Capital_Allocation - Guiding resource allocation

• Financial_Risk_Management - Mitigating financial risks

• Resource_Prioritization - Determining resource priorities

• Financial_Sustainability - Ensuring long-term viability

• Funding_Strategy - Approaching funding decisions

• Value_Creation - Generating financial value

Risk Management Domain

riskInsightSource

• Risk_Assessment - Formal risk evaluation process

• Incident_Analysis - Review of past incidents

• Control_Monitoring - Oversight of control effectiveness

• Audit_Finding - Results from audit processes

• Industry_Intelligence - Risk trends in the industry

• Scenario_Analysis - Evaluation of potential risk scenarios

• Expert_Judgment - Risk specialist opinions

Risk-specific rationaleType

• Risk_Prevention - Preventing risk events

• Risk_Mitigation - Reducing risk impact

• Risk_Transfer - Shifting risk to other parties

• Risk_Acceptance - Acknowledging and allowing risk

• Control_Enhancement - Improving risk controls

• Response_Planning - Preparing for risk events

• Opportunity_Exploitation - Leveraging positive risk

• Compliance_Management - Meeting risk requirements

Supply Chain Domain

supplyChainInsightSource

• Performance_Metrics - Supply chain performance data

• Supply_Chain_Analytics - Advanced supply chain analysis

• Market_Intelligence - Market factors affecting supply chain

• Supplier_Feedback - Input from suppliers

• Customer_Requirements - Customer needs affecting supply chain

• Risk_Assessment - Supply chain risk evaluation

• Technology_Evaluation - Analysis of supply chain technologies

• Compliance_Analysis - Regulatory compliance assessment

Supply Chain-specific rationaleType

• Disruption_Response - Addressing supply chain disruptions

• Network_Optimization - Improving supply chain structure

• Cost_Reduction - Decreasing supply chain costs

• Service_Improvement - Enhancing service levels

• Risk_Mitigation - Reducing supply chain risks

• Capability_Development - Building supply chain capabilities

• Sustainability_Enhancement - Improving environmental impact

• Technology_Adoption - Implementing new technologies

• Supplier_Change - Modifying supplier relationships

Innovation Domain

innovationInsightSource

• Experiment_Results - Based on innovation testing

• Innovation_Metrics - Informed by innovation performance data

• Prototype_Feedback - Derived from prototype testing

• Idea_Management_System - Insights from idea collection

• Innovation_Assessment - Evaluation of innovation capabilities

• Technology_Scouting - Exploration of emerging technologies

• Portfolio_Analysis - Review of innovation portfolio balance

Innovation-specific rationaleType

• Innovation_Advancement - Developing new innovations

• Capability_Enhancement - Strengthening innovation capabilities

• Portfolio_Optimization - Improving innovation portfolio balance

• Experimentation_Need - Supporting testing of concepts

• Innovation_Culture - Strengthening innovation mindsets

• Technology_Adoption - Implementing emerging technologies

• Innovation_Process_Improvement - Enhancing innovation methods

Innovation-specific businessValueType

• Innovation_Leadership - Establishing position as an innovation leader

• Time_To_Market - Accelerating innovation development cycles

• Innovation_Capability - Building organizational capability for innovation

• Disruptive_Potential - Creating market-changing innovations

• Experimental_Learning - Gaining insights through structured testing

• Ideation_Effectiveness - Improving the generation of valuable ideas

Sustainability Domain

sustainabilityInsightSource

• ESG_Assessment - Evaluation of environmental, social, and governance factors

• Climate_Scenario_Analysis - Analysis of climate change impacts

• Stakeholder_Materiality_Assessment - Determination of key sustainability issues

• Sustainability_Reporting - Insights from sustainability disclosure processes

• External_ESG_Rating - Feedback from third-party sustainability ratings

• Environmental_Impact_Analysis - Evaluation of ecological footprint

• Social_Impact_Assessment - Analysis of effects on communities and society

Sustainability-specific rationaleType

• Sustainability_Compliance - Meeting sustainability regulations or standards

• Environmental_Stewardship - Protecting or enhancing natural resources

• Social_Impact_Enhancement - Improving impacts on communities and society

• Governance_Improvement - Strengthening sustainability governance

• Climate_Risk_Mitigation - Addressing risks from climate change

• Stakeholder_Expectation_Management - Meeting sustainability expectations

• Circular_Economy_Advancement - Moving toward regenerative business models

• Resource_Efficiency_Improvement - Optimizing use of natural resources

Sustainability-specific businessValueType

• Environmental_Value - Creating positive environmental impacts

• Social_Value - Generating positive social outcomes

• Governance_Value - Improving organizational governance

• Sustainability_Reputation - Enhancing perception as responsible organization

• Resource_Security - Ensuring long-term access to needed resources

• Regulatory_Resilience - Preparing for evolving sustainability regulations

• Stakeholder_Trust - Building confidence among sustainability-focused stakeholders

People Domain

peopleInsightSource

• Engagement_Assessment - Evaluation of employee engagement

• Skills_Analysis - Assessment of workforce capabilities

• Cultural_Assessment - Evaluation of organizational culture

• Competency_Evaluation - Assessment of role-specific abilities

• Knowledge_Audit - Inventory of organizational knowledge

• Exit_Interviews - Insights from departing employees

• Talent_Analytics - Data-driven workforce analysis

• Leadership_Assessment - Evaluation of leadership effectiveness

People-specific rationaleType

• Talent_Development - Developing human capabilities

• Culture_Enhancement - Strengthening organizational culture

• Knowledge_Management - Preserving critical knowledge

• Workforce_Optimization - Improving workforce structure

• Talent_Acquisition - Addressing talent sourcing needs

• Employee_Experience_Improvement - Enhancing work environment

• Leadership_Development - Strengthening leadership capabilities

• Organizational_Alignment - Improving structure and roles

People-specific businessValueType

• Talent_Value - Enhancing workforce capabilities

• Culture_Value - Strengthening organizational culture

• Knowledge_Value - Preserving organizational expertise

• Engagement_Value - Improving employee commitment

• Productivity_Value - Increasing workforce effectiveness

• Innovation_Capacity - Enhancing ability to generate ideas

• Organizational_Agility - Improving adaptability to change

Technology Domain

technologyInsightSource

• Technology_Assessment - Evaluation of technology capabilities

• Security_Monitoring - Security system observations

• Vendor_Notification - Information from technology providers

• Technical_Debt_Analysis - Assessment of technical debt

• Architecture_Review - Evaluation of technical architecture

• Technology_Trend_Analysis - Study of emerging technologies

• System_Performance_Monitoring - Operational technology metrics

Technology-specific rationaleType

• Technology_Refresh - Updating existing technology

• Legacy_Modernization - Transforming outdated systems

• Security_Enhancement - Improving technology security

• Technology_Integration - Connecting disparate systems

• Technology_Standardization - Harmonizing technology approaches

• Architecture_Transformation - Redesigning technology structure

• Digital_Capability_Building - Creating new digital abilities

• Technical_Debt_Reduction - Addressing accumulated shortcomings

Technology-specific businessValueType

• Technical_Agility - Improving adaptability of technology

• System_Reliability - Enhancing technology dependability

• Security_Posture - Strengthening protection against threats

• Technical_Performance - Improving system speed and efficiency

• Integration_Effectiveness - Enhancing system connections

• Technology_Cost_Efficiency - Optimizing technology expenses

• Digital_Experience - Improving technology interactions

Channel Domain

channelInsightSource

• Channel_Performance_Analysis - Review of channel metrics

• Partner_Feedback - Input from channel partners

• Distribution_Network_Assessment - Evaluation of network structure

• Customer_Channel_Preference - Analysis of customer channel usage

• Competitive_Channel_Analysis - Study of competitor channel approaches

• Channel_Cost_Analysis - Evaluation of channel economics

• Omnichannel_Integration_Assessment - Analysis of channel connections

Channel-specific rationaleType

• Channel_Optimization - Improving channel performance

• Channel_Expansion - Adding new distribution channels

• Partner_Management - Enhancing channel partner relationships

• Distribution_Efficiency - Optimizing channel operations

• Omnichannel_Integration - Connecting multiple channels

• Channel_Conflict_Resolution - Addressing channel competition

• Digital_Channel_Development - Enhancing online distribution

• Channel_Mix_Rebalancing - Adjusting relative channel importance

Channel-specific reasoningPattern

• Channel_Effectiveness_Based - Focused on channel performance

• Partner_Performance_Based - Based on channel partner capabilities

• Distribution_Efficiency_Based - Focused on operational optimization

• Customer_Access_Based - Prioritizing customer reach considerations

• Channel_Economics_Based - Based on financial performance of channels

Channel-specific businessValueType

• Channel_Reach_Value - Expanding access to customers

• Distribution_Efficiency_Value - Optimizing channel operations

• Partner_Network_Value - Strengthening channel relationships

• Channel_Integration_Value - Creating seamless customer experiences

• Channel_Innovation_Value - Developing new distribution approaches

• Customer_Access_Value - Improving availability to customers