Manufacturing

1 Overview
2 Attributes
3 Sub-Elements
4 Enumeration Values
5 Cross-Domain Relationships
6 Examples
7 JSON Schema Reference

Overview

The Manufacturing domain represents the structured entity within which the production of goods occurs. It focuses on the organizational identity, structure, and foundational characteristics that define how the manufacturing function is constituted and operates. This domain captures the essential attributes that define a manufacturing entity—its production lines, work orders, bills of materials, and inventory management, providing the foundational context for other enterprise architecture domains, particularly the Supply chain domain.

The schema now includes top-level attributes for strategic context, performance tracking, and risk management, allowing it to function as a complete, standalone domain for manufacturing planning and execution.

What is Manufacturing?

Manufacturing is the structured process of converting raw materials, components, or parts into finished goods on a large scale. This process can involve a series of sequential operations, transformations, or assembly stages, utilizing machinery, labor, and technology to produce products for sale or distribution. Within the context of this domain, it represents the entire operational framework that governs production, inventory, quality, and resource management.

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description	Examples
`title`	String	Name/title of the manufacturing entity.	"Global Manufacturing Operations", "North American Production Hub"
`description`	String	Detailed explanation of the manufacturing entity or process.	"The central repository for all manufacturing data."
`purpose`	String	Intended function or strategic goal of the manufacturing entity.	"To provide a canonical source of truth for manufacturing processes."
`owner`	String	Responsible individual or team.	"Head of Operations"
`manufacturingCategory`	Enum	Broad categorization of the type of manufacturing process.	Job Shop, Batch Production, Mass Production
`manufacturingFocus`	Enum	Primary focus area of the manufacturing strategy.	Cost Reduction, Quality Improvement, Lead Time Reduction
`timeHorizon`	Enum	The timeframe for the manufacturing plan.	Short-term (1 year), Medium-term (2-3 years)
`scopeLevel`	Enum	The organizational or geographical scope.	Global, Continental, Regional, National, Site-level
`strategicAlignment`	String	How the manufacturing plan aligns with the broader business strategy.	"Supports the corporate goal of improving profit margins by 5%."
`keyActivities`	String	Critical implementation actions for the manufacturing plan.	"Implement Lean Six Sigma program, invest in new equipment, train staff."
`resources`	String	Allocated resources (e.g., budget, personnel, machinery).	"$5M budget, 10 personnel, new automation technology."
`keyPerformanceIndicators`	Array[String]	Success metrics for the manufacturing operations.	"Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)", "First Pass Yield", "Inventory Turnover Rate"
`dependencies`	String	Required dependencies (e.g., supply chain, IT systems).	"Stable supply chain, strong IT infrastructure for real-time monitoring."
`risks`	String	Associated risks and challenges.	"Equipment failure, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions."
`riskCategories`	Array[Enum]	Categories of risks.	Operational, Financial, Supply Chain, Technical/Technology, Regulatory
`mitigationStrategies`	String	Risk mitigation approaches.	"Redundant equipment, cross-trained staff, diversify suppliers."

Sub-Elements

Production Unit (ProductionUnit)

Sub-element	Type	Description	Example
`unitName`	String	The name or title of the production unit.	"Engine Assembly Line 1"
`unitType`	Enum	The type of production unit.	ASSEMBLY, FABRICATION, CHEMICAL_PROCESSING
`location`	String	The physical location.	"Building 5, Plant North"
`capacity`	Integer	The maximum output capacity.	500 (units per day)

Work Order (WorkOrder)

Sub-element	Type	Description	Example
`orderID`	String	A unique identifier for the work order.	"WO-2025-001"
`productReference`	Reference	A link to the `Product` domain element.	"PROD-A123"
`quantity`	Integer	The number of units to be produced.	1000
`status`	Enum	The current state.	PLANNED, IN_PROGRESS, COMPLETED

Bill of Materials (BillOfMaterials)

Sub-element	Type	Description	Example
`bomID`	String	A unique identifier.	"BOM-A123"
`productReference`	Reference	A link to the `Product` domain element.	"PROD-A123"
`items`	Array[Object]	A list of components and their quantities.	`item`: "Bolt A", `quantity`: 50

Inventory (Inventory)

Sub-element	Type	Description	Example
`materialReference`	Reference	A link to the `Material` or `Product` element.	"RAW-MTL-24"
`quantity`	Integer	The amount of the item in stock.	5000
`warehouseLocation`	String	The physical location of the inventory.	"Warehouse 3, Shelf A"
`lastUpdated`	DateTime	The timestamp of the last update.	"2025-08-04T12:00:00Z"

Manufacturing Objective (ManufacturingObjective)

Sub-element	Type	Description	Example
`title`	String	Name/title of objective.	"Reduce Waste by 15%"
`description`	String	Objective explanation.	"Implement new processes to reduce material waste."
`owner`	String	Responsible individual/team.	"Process Improvement Team"
`priority`	Enum	Priority level.	Critical, High, Medium, Low
`metrics`	String	Success assessment indicators.	"Waste reduction percentage"
`targetValue`	String	Specific target to achieve.	"15%"
`currentValue`	String	Current baseline value.	"5%"
`timeline`	String	Achievement timeframe.	"Next 12 months"

Enumeration Values

Manufacturing Category (manufacturingCategory)

Value	Description	Example
`Job Shop`	Low volume, high variety production, customized products.	Custom machine parts manufacturing
`Batch Production`	Producing in batches, with moderate volume and variety.	Bakery producing different types of bread in batches
`Mass Production`	High volume, low variety production.	Automobile assembly line
`Continuous Flow`	Production runs continuously for long periods.	Oil refinery, chemical plant
`Custom Manufacturing`	One-off, unique products for specific clients.	Custom-built yacht or airplane

Manufacturing Focus (manufacturingFocus)

Value	Description	Example
`Cost Reduction`	Primary goal is to lower production costs.	Optimizing material usage, reducing energy consumption
`Quality Improvement`	Primary goal is to enhance product quality and reduce defects.	Implementing Six Sigma, automated quality checks
`Lead Time Reduction`	Primary goal is to shorten the time from order to delivery.	Streamlining production workflows, reducing bottlenecks
`Flexibility`	Primary goal is to easily adapt to changes in product mix or volume.	Using reconfigurable assembly lines, cross-trained staff
`Innovation`	Primary goal is to introduce new technologies or products.	R&D-focused manufacturing, piloting new production methods

Time Horizon (timeHorizon)

Value	Description	Example
`Short-term (1 year)`	A short-range manufacturing plan.	A plan to increase output for the upcoming holiday season.
`Medium-term (2-3 years)`	A medium-range manufacturing plan.	A plan for a factory expansion to meet projected demand over the next 3 years.
`Long-term (4-5 years)`	A long-range manufacturing plan.	A plan to fully automate a production line over a 5-year period.
`Extended (5+ years)`	A very long-range strategic manufacturing plan.	A strategy to shift manufacturing to a new country over a decade.

Scope Level (scopeLevel)

Value	Description	Example
`Global`	Pertains to operations across multiple continents.	Standardization of manufacturing processes globally.
`Continental`	Pertains to operations within a single continent.	A plan for production and distribution across North America.
`Regional`	Pertains to operations across a specific region or country.	A production strategy for a specific state or province.
`National`	Pertains to a single country's operations.	A plan for a company's production facilities within the USA.
`Site-level`	Pertains to a single factory or plant.	A plan for improving efficiency at a specific factory.
`Production-line`	Pertains to a specific assembly or production line.	A project to upgrade the machinery on a single line.

Risk Categories (riskCategories)

Value	Description	Example
`Operational`	Risks related to day-to-day production activities.	Equipment failure, inefficient workflows, human error.
`Financial`	Risks related to costs, budgets, and investments.	Cost overruns, unexpected maintenance costs, poor inventory valuation.
`Supply Chain`	Risks related to the flow of materials from suppliers.	Supplier bankruptcy, raw material shortages, shipping delays.
`Technical/Technology`	Risks related to equipment, software, or automation.	Software bugs, system downtime, outdated machinery.
`Regulatory`	Risks related to government regulations and compliance.	Changes in environmental laws, new safety regulations.
`Environmental`	Risks related to environmental impact and sustainability.	Waste disposal issues, carbon footprint targets.
`Labor`	Risks related to workforce, skills, and safety.	Labor strikes, skill gaps, workplace accidents.

Production Unit Type (unitType)

Value	Description	Example
`ASSEMBLY`	A unit focused on assembling components into a finished product.	Car assembly line, computer assembly plant
`FABRICATION`	A unit that shapes or processes raw materials into components.	Sheet metal stamping, plastics molding
`CHEMICAL_PROCESSING`	A unit that transforms materials through chemical reactions.	Oil refinery, pharmaceutical production

Work Order Status (status)

Value	Description	Example
`PLANNED`	The work order has been created but production has not started.	A planned build for the next quarter.
`IN_PROGRESS`	The production process is currently underway.	The product is on the assembly line.
`COMPLETED`	The production order has been fully executed.	All units have been manufactured and moved to inventory.
`CANCELED`	The work order has been terminated before completion.	Production stopped due to material shortage.

Manufacturing Objective Priority (priority)

Value	Description	Example
`Critical`	Must be completed to ensure the survival of the business or product.	Meeting a production quota for a critical, high-demand product.
`High`	Important for long-term success but not immediately critical.	Improving the efficiency of a production line to reduce future costs.
`Medium`	Desirable but not essential.	Upgrading a non-critical piece of machinery to a newer model.
`Low`	Small improvements that do not have a major impact.	Implementing a minor software update for a factory terminal.

Cross-Domain Relationships

The Manufacturing domain is crucial for connecting various parts of the Orthogramic Metamodel. It is an operational domain that is central to the Supply chain and Finance domains. The relationships include:

Manufacturing to ErpIntegration: The ErpIntegration extension now has explicit mappings to elements within the Manufacturing domain, allowing it to synchronize data like production orders and inventory levels with the ERP system.
Manufacturing to Supply chain: This link is essential for coordinating the flow of raw materials into production and the movement of finished goods to distribution.
Manufacturing to Finance: This relationship connects production costs, inventory valuation, and resource usage to financial reporting and asset management.
Manufacturing to Technology: Links the manufacturing domain to the technology assets that support it, such as robotics, factory automation software, and IoT devices.
Manufacturing to Performance: This connects the domain to key performance indicators (KPIs) such as production throughput, quality metrics, and operational efficiency, which are now explicitly defined within the schema.
Manufacturing to Products: This is a direct relationship that defines which products are being manufactured and the processes used to create them.

Examples

Here are some examples of how the Manufacturing domain elements would be used in practice, with corresponding schema snippets.

Example 1

A New Production Order A new WorkOrder is created with an orderID of WO-2025-002. This order is for 1000 units of a product, referenced as PROD-B555. The status is set to PLANNED. The ErpIntegration extension would read this new WorkOrder and create a corresponding production order in the SAP S/4HANA ERP system.

{
  "WorkOrder": {
    "orderID": "WO-2025-002",
    "productReference": "PROD-B555",
    "quantity": 1000,
    "status": "PLANNED"
  }
}

Example 2

A Work Order in Progress The WorkOrder with orderID WO-2025-001 has its status updated from PLANNED to IN_PROGRESS. The ProductionUnit is identified as "Engine Assembly Line 1". The ERP system would be updated to reflect that the production has started, and a new Inventory record for work-in-progress materials might be created.

{
  "WorkOrder": {
    "orderID": "WO-2025-001",
    "status": "IN_PROGRESS"
  },
  "ProductionUnit": {
    "unitName": "Engine Assembly Line 1",
    "unitType": "ASSEMBLY"
  }
}

Example 3

Updating Inventory A ProductionUnit completes a WorkOrder, and 500 units of PROD-A123 are produced. The ErpIntegration extension would receive a signal that the production is finished. It would then write a new Inventory entry for the finished goods, showing 500 units of PROD-A123 are now available at "Warehouse 3, Shelf B".

{
  "Inventory": {
    "materialReference": "PROD-A123",
    "quantity": 500,
    "warehouseLocation": "Warehouse 3, Shelf B",
    "lastUpdated": "2025-08-04T12:00:00Z"
  }
}

JSON Schema Reference

Repository: Orthogramic/Orthogramic_Metamodel
Schema Location: schemas/manufacturing.schema.json
Version: 2.2
Specification: JSON Schema Draft-07